[ d j . s p o o k y ' s . v i r t u a l . t h e o r y ]

[ t e x t . o n l y . v e r s i o n ]

[ b y . a l i a s ]

Paul D. Miller has a passion for exploration. Be it through his music, art, or writing, he expresses himself through nearly every creative means at his disposal. He is constantly on the look out for new sounds, new ideas, new avenues in which to push the boundaries of expression.

He will discuss such topics as the paradox of free market economic rationalism with as much enthusiasm and expertise as his native New York hip hop scene. He is undoubtedly a worthy spokesperson for the digital age.

Not solely a recording artist, Miller is also an accomplished writer. He is a contributing editor to the digital arts magazine "Art Byte", while also contributing to various, art, lifestyle, and culture magazines. Also, Miller has gained recognition in the visual arts. He has hosted solo exhibitions and installations and specialises in constructing cross media forays into sound, conceptual and installation art. Be it through sound or vision, Miller constantly aims to challenge.

Much of this can be attributed to his upbringing. 'My Dad died when I was a kid and left me his record collection, and my Mum travelled a lot,' he explains. 'This music is a natural extension of how I grew up. I was always educated to be open minded and equipped, so if I saw something that I was thought was interesting my first inclination was to check it out.'

Miller began exploring his father's records as a way of getting to know the man who passed away when he was just three years of age and gradually his interest in musical culture became more like an obsession. He hosted his own radio show at Bowdoin College, where he had begun studies in French literature and philosophy and found that he was spinning sounds ranging from the ska based Specials, to the bottom heavy groove of Trouble Funk and the Junkyard Band, while also throwing in seminal punk sounds such as Minor Threat and Bad Brains. Boundaries were always a foreign concept to Miller, he was much more interested in being nomadic, creating a hybrid. 'There is no sense of purity, everything is a hybrid,' he asserts. 'Anybody who says they are pure anything is under illusion. Everything is mixed.

The first recordings under the DJ Spooky banner surfaced in 1996. The remix compilation "Necropolis" first surfaced on low key independent Knitting Factory, and the debut proper "Songs Of A Dead Dreamer", was released through New York label Asphodel, home to such luminaries as Rob Swift, We, Tipsy and Mixmaster Mike. While "Songs" was essentially an aural illustration of a conceptual art project aimed at the academic world, Spooky quickly found himself in the middle of a media buzz.

Remixes for Nick Cave, Metallica, Sublime, and Kim Gordon's Free Kitten followed, while US pop culture magazine "Spin" stated 'he's got a handful of LPs that make DJ Shadow sound like Hanson,' and "CMJ" proclaimed "Songs" to be "one of the most important and satisfying albums of the year.' Spooky was hot property both in his native New York, and also across the Atlantic in Europe. In cities where playing a breakbeat record over a house tune was considered by many as experimental, Spooky showed those people it was possible to mix all styles -- hip hop, ambient, drum 'n' bass, techno, classical, traditional -- in a way that proves to be as challenging to the listener as it is enjoyable. For someone who enjoys a wide range of musical styles, the end result could not be any different. 'Most people make music out of their own conditions and that's all,' he states. 'I am a strange free-floating variable and I float -- that's my thing. I like checking out different stuff.' DJ Spooky's latest album is a natural progression of the ambition displayed on "Songs". "Riddem Warfare" is a highly ambitious work that blends completely opposite styles into a cohesive unit -- in his own words 'music made from fragments of the world.' It is music that requires effort from the listener, Spooky challenges you at every turn.

'If you listen to the album it has a lot of different layers and things going on,' he illustrates. 'Some of it is metaphorical, where even the basic name of the track conveys something. Like "Mono Ni Kami" [by acclaimed Japanese artist Mariko Mori] is a Buddhist mantra about recycling, and that is the last track on the album ("Twilight Fugue"). Or like "Killah Priest" talking about falling into the ocean of sound, acting as a sound agent. Or "Kool Keith" rhyming about being schizophrenic walking around the city and having different aspects of his personality come out. All of these people who have contributed are radically different people, and I try as much as possible to use my music as a way to reference the umbrella of all these communities. You've got to remember that in New York it's all about boundaries, and how rigidly codified everything is. Like hip hop is strictly one thing, techno is strictly one thing, ambient is strictly one thing, you name it, it's all about boundaries. To make a long story short, my music is all virtual theory.'

"Riddem Warfare" is an album which is basically impossible to pigeonhole. Spooky utilises an astounding array of instruments and sounds to adequately recreate his ideas aurally. Keyboard, acoustic guitar, trumpet, tribal percussion, and tambourine are used in conjunction with samplers, turntables, and electric guitar. It's hard to imagine such people as Kool Keith, Killah Priest, Pharaoh Monch, Prince Poetry and Sir Menelik, appearing on the same album as Arto Lindsay, Thurston Moore, and Mariko Mori; yet somehow Spooky pulls it off with ease. 'I can only imagine Thurston Moore, Killah Priest, and Kool Keith in the same room, with Mariko Mori strolling buy singing a Buddhist mantra about recycling, on this album,' Miller explains. 'They would never meet in real life. The album is just a dream mix tape I wanted to make.'

Miller also has high praise for the MCs that guest throughout "Riddem Warfare", and the role they played in shaping the finished product. 'I like the way Kool Keith rhymes and I like his lyrical content, I think he is a really talented MC. At the same time there are these other people -- like Sir Menelik, Killah Priest. Organized Konfusion -- who deal with the abstract. Take for example Bobby Digital, RZA's thing. He should have put the movie out first, and then put the album out. The lyrics didn't conjure up enough imagery as much they could have. If you listen to a Killah Priest track you are all of a sudden in a verbal world, you are given a whole sense of poetry as a way of exploring your own bounds. These days there is so much uncertainty, and no one is exactly sure of where any origins evolved from.'

Not purely a studio bod, Spooky is also in constant demand behind the decks. Djing has taken Spooky to nearly every city around the world, and through the Soundlab collective, in which Spooky is a founding member, he has played a pivotal role in establishing the experimental electronic scene known by many as 'illbient' -- a term used to basically describe the indescribable, a place where different styles and flavours meet to create a melting pot of dynamic sounds. As with most movements, Soundlab started out of frustration. 'We were all bewildered and annoyed with the establishment scene in downtown New York,' states Miller. 'I was broke, starving and living in a junkyard, and a friend of mine was an artist who started an artist's collective. We would throw parties in the junkyard, and I would go out of my way to invite people who were from really totally different scenes and put them under the same roof. The parties started becoming a place where people could walk around and check out different stuff -- which to me wasn't that big a deal -- but for the audience they were shocked. They were used to going to an event and just hearing the same style all night, and not only would we just put different people in the same space, we were putting art objects and sculptures around everywhere, in a sense that the whole area was radically different and these different elements were conflicting with one another and clashing. The parties became more and more popular because we tried as much as possible to give different people a place to check out different styles, and provide some kind of place to come together. Now the place I used to hold my parties is now paved over and home to some condominiums.'

Miller is far from purely a DJ. 'I play bass, I also play many different instruments, and just try to make a creative refracturing of music. The turntable is used often just to create crazy scratching -- and that's cool and I like that -- but I am much more interested in reconstructure. To me scratching is deconstruction, to me reconstruction is looking for a correspondence between different effects, and trying to turn them into a seamless space and sometimes going out of line. I'll scratch and play bass at the same time, and sometimes it amazes and astounds the audience, but it's just the way for me to have a good time. At the end of the day it's all about being nomadic, and again dealing with culture, in a place where despite the critics, and despite everyone else, people want to check out new stuff, and you can be much more open when you are nomadic. I think that is why I am able to pull this off, I mean when I play people are willing to check me out and try to wrap their ears around new styles. I call it being actionary, rather than reactionary, always trying to find new ways to flip the script. If that pisses off certain conservative critics then fuck 'em.'

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